Faculty of Commerce and Business Studies

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An assessment of the factors that determining teachers turnover and low retention rate, in secondary school: The case of Dodoma Municipal Council.
(St John's University of Tanzania, 2014-07-28) Gombati, J. Mohamed
Employees are strategic resource for the development of a organization. Retention of qualified staff is one of the major challenges facing secondary schools. This research, has been conducted to study an assessment of the factors that determining teachers turnover and a low retention rate, among secondary schools in Dodoma Municipal Council. The non-probability random sampling was used to select 13 schools that yielded 117 respondents. Data, were collected by using interview of key people with experience and knowledge, on retention and questionnaire provided to secondary schools teachers, to establish the factors that determining a low retention rate among secondary schools teachers. The Results show that, a desire to take on a new challenge, bad relationship with management, lack of opportunity for advancement, appreciation, better compensation and benefits else where, personal situation at home, lack of control overwork or working environment and long working hours have a great contribution in resignation of employee and facilitated them to get a attracted to get job with other employer. In terms of bad relationship with colleagues and travelling distance to work, were cited as minimal impact in resignation of employees. The recognition, good supervision, communication, compensation/pay, good working conditions, promotional opportunities, job security and an opportunity for learning and growth have rated as a better in determining the retention among secondary schools teachers. Responsibility and accountability for as result, stimulating task and prestigious or status, were rated as minimal in determining the reason for an employee to stay. There were different factors that determined a low retention rate among secondary school teachers. Findings from this study, pointed to a set of recommendations to be implemented. These include implementation of induction programs, reducing beginning teachers’ workload, development a national human resource development framework, improving sector participation, in a development dialogue training as will a retraining and regular rewards.
Outsourcing of local government services in Tanzania: A case of revenue collection in Dodoma bus stand, Dodoma Municipality
(St John's University of Tanzania, 2014-07-28) January, Silvestry
Local government authorities in Tanzania have transformed its service delivery and tax collection systems so as to enhance its effectiveness and efficiency on such areas through outsourcing these functions. The work major objective was to assess outsourcing LGA services particularly revenue collection service as well as service delivery in Tanzania using Dodoma bus stand as a case study. The specific objectives were to examining working relationship between outsourced agents and the municipality, investigating the general public satisfaction before and after outsourcing of LGA services and comparison between the revenue collected through outsourcing and those collected via outsourcing. The study used mixed methods in which data were collected in the field through questionnaires, interviews, observation and passing through different Municipal documents and the same data were processed using spread sheets and Statistical Package for Social Sciences. It was cross sectional survey design. The processed data were analyzed and interpreted. In this case, there is contractual relationship between revenue collections but the problem is poor contract management between the two parties. On the other hand, the general public gets more satisfaction on the services provided by agents than those provided by Municipal officials. More revenues are collected when using agents than when Municipal officials collect by themselves. It is recommended that, revenue collecting agents must be obtained through a competitive tendering process. Proper contracts management will add value to the LGA in Tanzania. Corruption and bribery should be discouraged by all means for LGA sustainability.
Labor rights awareness among employees and its impact on their job performance: A case of St John’s University of Tanzania and Institute of Rural Development Planning
(St John's University of Tanzania, 2014-07-28) Ndiango, Sinyati
The study aimed at assessing the level of labor rights awareness among employees and how it impacts on their job performance at St. John’s University of Tanzania and Institute of Rural Development Planning are taken as case study. The study involved 82 respondents, of which some were requested to fill in the questionnaires and others were interviewed. The sampling techniques used were random and purposive sampling and the data collected was analyzed using both qualitative and quantitative methods. The findings from the study revealed that, most employees were aware of the labor rights at their workplaces but lacked detailed knowledge on them. On the other hand, it was revealed by the study that, the awareness of labor rights help employees to push for better working conditions, be motivated as well as having job satisfaction which leads to high job performance. The study recommends that seminars and trainings should be held to provide education to employees on their rights so as to increase their awareness. Trade unions should play their roles in enhancing employees’ welfare.
Evaluation of the impact of customer care on customer retention: Case of Dodoma Hotel in Dodoma Urban
(St John's University of Tanzania, 2014-09-28) Malley, Eugene
The main objective of the study was to evaluate the impact of customer care on customer retentions. To achieve this objective, a sample size of 100 Dodoma hotel customers and 8 more Dodoma hotel staff was used. Both qualitative and quantitative research approaches were used using a cross sectional method of data collection in the form of questionnaires, interviews and documentary review. Data were processed and analyzed using Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS) computer program. The analyzed data were presented by the use of Tables. From the analyzed data it was found that Dodoma hotel has good customer care and customer retention strategies which include: security, hotel guides, front desk services, ensuring that customer care is continuously treated and maintaining knowledgeable staff in place. This implies that the management of Dodoma hotel is continuously working hard to ensure customer care and retention and that implies more customer satisfaction. From the findings, the level of customer care is good, hence more customer retention. This implies that there is positive relation between customer care and customer retention. Hence Dodoma hotel needs to ensure customer care so as to increase customer retention.
Assessing the effectiveness of decentralised solid waste management scheme in Tanzania. A case of Dodoma Municipality
(St John's University of Tanzania, 2014-11) Raphael, Mkumwa
Solid waste management is the part of the growing problem that attract attention of anthropologists, economists, historians, sociologists in the world. This believed to have been caused by rising of urbanization and change of life style of food habits which have led to the increase of municipal solid waste. In Tanzania, Dodoma municipality among the municipal/town that experience a problem of solid waste. This has contributed to eruption of diseases and dust beans in the town. This study was designed to investigate the effectiveness of decentralized solid waste management scheme in Tanzania specifically in Dodoma municipality Data were collected using structured and non- structured interviews. Purposive sampling procedures were used to obtain representatives of from Majengo and Uhuru wards, this led to a total sample of 126 respondents. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS software where outputs from descriptive statistics cross tabulation and frequencies were used in verifying the effectiveness of decentralized solid waste management scheme in Tanzania specifically in Dodoma municipal. From the study,70% respondents reported that the municipal is guided by solid waste management policy guided by four objectives under the policy. However, the ways used to collect solid waste were four but one that dominated in the study area was people moving rounding with wheel brrlow 36.6% of respondents. The ways used on managing the solid waste were recycling of solid waste, incineration of solid waste and open burning. There were different diseases thought to have erupted as the impact of solid waste. Furthermore, conclusion was made and different recommendations that were thought to improve the system.
Impact of corporate social responsibility on firms’ financial performance: The case of CRDB Bank PLC and NMB Bank PLC Tanzania
(St John's University of Tanzania, 2015-07-28) Julius, Cyprian Pallangyo
This study focused on the impact of corporate social responsibility on firm’s financial performance. Specifically the study aimed to determine grounds for the companies to engage in corporate social responsibility, to determine types of corporate social responsibility which are mostly practiced by the firms and lastly to examine relationship between corporate social responsibility practices and firm’s financial performance. This study adopted a case study research design where by CRDB BANK PLC and NMB BANK PLC located at Dodoma was selected. Data were collected through questionnaire, interview and documentary source such as journals, books and various organizations reports for secondary information for the year 2011-2014. A total of 44 respondents were selected and data collected were analyzed both qualitatively and quantitatively with the help of computer software programme called Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). The outcome of the study revealed that, the companies’ motives to engage in CSR include preserving or improving reputation and give profit back to community. The main type of CSR practiced by companies is philanthropic. The relationship between CSR and financial performance reveals that companies practicing CSR increase financial performance at moderate level. Above all, the analysis revealed that there is a significant relationship between CSR and profitability and the hypothesis that was formulated was tested and the result shows that there is positive significant relationship between corporate social responsibility and firm’s financial performance in case of CRDB BANK PLC AND NMB BANK PLC. vii Finally the study recommended companies may promote sales, expand the branches in the region which will result into increase on the amount of profit hence uplift the amount of percentage to CSR for the social, economic and environmental benefits to the beneficiaries.
An assessment of the contribution of micro financing institutions towards poverty reduction of the households: A case of KKKT Arusha Road SACCOS
(St John's University of Tanzania, 2015-07-28) Mshare, Ismail
This study was undertaken to measure the contribution of micro financing in provision of credits on poverty reduction at household level. The study was conducted in Dodoma Municipality a case of KKKT Arusha Road SACCOS. The specific objective was to identify the income generating activities in the household level, to determine the achievement attained by SACCOS members and lastly to identify the challenges facing SACCOS members during and after acquiring a loan.Total number of respondents was 65 members and 5 co-operative leaders. Respondents were obtained through purposive sampling technique. Analysis of poverty reduction in household level was done by SPSS using multiple response statistics and descriptive statistics. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected through questionnaires and interviews consequently to enrich the viability of the study. Findings indicated that participation of members in SACCO’s programs has been the best. KKKT ARUSHA ROAD SACCOS helped its members in poverty reduction because it increased sources of income, like asset owning, monthly income, having food surplus, skills training, and related factors. I recommend that co-operative department should increase more training to members, improve loaning, insist members not to depend much on salary, leaders should co-operate with other co-operative societies, improve loan processing and allow members to take loan three times of their shares instead of two times.
Assessment of non-monetary factors affecting employees’ performance at workplace in Local Government Authorities: A case of workers in Dodoma Municipal Council
(St John's University of Tanzania, 2015-07-28) Itanisa, Bertha Tamara
The main aim of this study was to asses’ non- monetary factors affecting employees’ performance at workplace in Local Government Authorities the case of workers in Dodoma Municipal Council .The study aimed at achieving four objectives. First, to identify operational policies and guidelines that affect the performance of employees’ at workplace, asses employees’ awareness on work ethics that affected the performance of employees’, identify desired office equipment that affect the performance of employees’, and lastly to indentify types of non -monetary incentive packages that were provided by the municipal council to its employees’ and how they affect the performance of employees’ at work place. A descriptive cross sectional research design was used whereby both quantitative and qualitative data were collected once in a point of time. Purposive and convenience sampling techniques were used hence enabled the researcher to acquire 100 subjects for the study. The data were collected using questionnaires, interviews and documentary reviews. The study findings indicate that two thirds of the respondents were aware of the existence of operational policies and guidelines, work ethics and incentive packages within the organization and how they affected the employees’ performance.75% of the respondents reported that policies, work ethics and incentive packages have an important role in influencing employees’ performance. Furthermore, the study discovered that DMC did not have enough office equipment and features to help facilitate employees’ performance at work place hence various strategies of providing office equipment needed to be carried out so as to have effective task performance and job satisfaction at DMC. xvi It can be concluded that the organization should understand the role played by these elements through creating more awareness on policies and guidelines, work ethics, provision of office equipment and incentives to employees’ so as to ensure effective performance by employees’ at workplace for survival of the organization.
The derterminants of effective employees participation in enhancing organizational performance in public organization: A case of Parastatal Pension Fund Dar Esalaam Head Office
(St John's University of Tanzania, 2015-07-28) Ruhembe, Charles Ernest
The study was conducted in Dar es Salaam at PPF to investigate the determinants of effective employee’s participation, in enhancing organizational performance in public sector at PPF Dar es Salaam. The literature review show that employee participation is used to in public organization but not at its fullest. However, little change can be seen by the services delivered by the sector. From the field data collection was carried out using structured questionnaires, interview and observation checklist guide in the office. Workers were selected purposively and randomly. A total of 140 workers at PPF were interviewed. Analysis of both primary and secondary data was done using Ms Excel and SPSS. Results indicated that PPF is using direct and indirect employee participation. The workers were still working fairly not perfectly. It was indicated that indirect participation was successfully used as it was cited by 67% of all respondents. Different impacts from employee participation were identified such as improvement of public services delivery, job satisfaction, increase of team work and the like. However, different challenges were identified that led to ineffective implementation and use of employee participation. Finally, different solutions were given out by respondents. It is believed that if well implemented by the government leads to effective implementation of employee participation. The provision of seminars to workers about the system, proper documentation of feedback from workers, operate regular evaluation and analysis of the results from the system, proper communication to all managers and supervisors, as well as workers and an application of skills of politics in an implementation of the system. These were identified as the recommendation and solutions to problems faced in the use of employee participation
Effectiveness of internal controls over revenue and expenditure: the case of TANESCO in Dodoma Municipal
(St John's University of Tanzania, 2015-07-28) Goodluck, George
The researcher was inspired to undertake this study as a result of the increased publications in Tanzania on embezzlement and misappropriation of funds in many public institutions and the management of these institutions being dismissed and sometimes accused of misappropriations. The study intended find out the effectiveness of internal controls over revenue and expenditure at TANESCO in Dodoma Municipal. A cross sectional survey was used in the course of the study. Both qualitative and quantitative data were gathered and purposive sampling was also used to select a sample of 26 interviewees who ranged from ordinary employees to senior management officers. Data were collected using both primary and secondary sources. Researcher organized the well-answered questionnaire; then edited and sorted for the next stage and findings are presented in tabular form, frequencies, percentages and images. The researcher analyzed data using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) to analyze the relationship between the variables under study. The study noted that the internal controls over revenue and expenditure were effective. However the study recommended that TANESCO needs to establish an internal audit department in its regional branches which would be responsible for reviewing the effectiveness of internal controls to reduce embezzlement activities. Moreover phase out all conventional meters to ease revenue collection,perform job rotation to its employees and provide regular training on compliance to policies and procedures as a means of enhancing controls over revenue and expenditure.
Effectiveness of public private partnership in revenue collection in LGAs in Tanzania: A case of Dodoma Municipality
(St John's University of Tanzania, 2015-09-28) Kundy, P. Veronica
The study aims to assess the effectiveness of Public Private Partnership in revenue collection in LGAs in Tanzania a case of Dodoma Municipality. The study specifically identifies policies, laws/bylaws and regulations used by DMC in supervising private revenue collector and taxpayers in revenue collection. The study has as well assessed the private revenue collectors’ commitment to tax collection, and their knowledge and attitude towards taxpayers in Dodoma Municipality. Also the study examines the taxpayers’ knowledge, attitude and willingness of paying levy through private agent and to find out the relationship between PPP and improvement in revenue collection. Cross sectional research design was used. Purposive, convenience and simple random sampling techniques were applied to obtain the overall 184 sample size who participated in the study. Data were collected through questionnaires, interview, focus group discussion, observation and documentary review method. The data were analyzed using Statistical Packages of Social Science (SPSS) software. The main findings of this study reveal that respondents who believed on being trustful in revenue collection through private agents were 4 times (AOR=4.32, CI: 1.20-15.58; P-value ≤ 0.025) more likely to report high performance of revenue collectors. Similarly, respondents who said the level of income of the taxpayers was definitely important in determining the amount of tax to be paid were nearly 4 times (AOR=3.76, CI: 1.87-7.58; P-value ≤ 0.0001) more likely to report high performance of revenue collectors. The rest of the studied variables such as existence of various laws and regulations, presence of competent staff, xvii taxpayer’s willingness to pay tax, knowledge of taxpayers on paying levy and level of education, were less associated with performance of revenue collectors. Despite these findings there was no much improvement in the effectiveness of applying PPP in revenue collection in DMC. Therefore it is recommended that the DMC and other stakeholders should review their PPP in tax collection and find measures, including tax education, to promote and improve the performance of tax collectors.
Influence of corporate social responsibility on firm’s financial performance: The case of Tanzania Postal Bank Dodoma
(St John's University of Tanzania, 2015-09-28) Mwelulila, Egid Erick
The concept of Corporate Social Responsibility is not at all new to most societies in developed countries, a lot of studies points in favour of a mild positive relationship between corporate social responsibility and firm’s financial performance though this connection has not been fully established in Tanzania. This study examines the influence of corporate social responsibility on firm’s financial performance taking a case of Tanzania Postal Bank Dodoma Branch. Data was collected from 30 members of staff of Tanzania Postal Bank Dodoma Branch through questionnaire survey. Hard data on financial performance of the bank were obtained from secondary sources. A questionnaire for examining the influence of CSR on firm’s financial performance was developed with respect to three questions focusing on types of CSR practised by the bank, reasons for the bank to engage in CSR and relationship between CSR and firm’s financial performance. The study results show that the bank engage in CSR with the aim of giving back to the community and the most practised type of CSR is philanthropic which is most effective at TPB. 81% of responded indicates that CSR practises improve financial performance of the bank as the bank made a historic profit of pre-tax profit of 10.28bn in the year 2014, well above 6.99bn recorded in 2013 resulted from increased CSR budget from 83 mill in year 2013 to 150 mill in the year 2014. The study findings suggest that feedback from beneficiaries of CSR in terms of needs assessment should be well thought-out in order to provide them with adequate requirements to be accomplished through CSR practises and Management should use CSR activities which enhance the market value of the firm keeping in mind those different types of CSR that may have differing effects on firm’s market value. The bank should also increase the amount set aside for CSR to improve financial performance.
Factors influencing the growth of commercial small and medium enterprises in Tanzania: A case of Akiba Commercial Bank’s SME clients in Dodoma Municipality
(St John's University of Tanzania, 2015-09-28) Glory, G. Iddo
The purpose of the study was to identify the factors contributing to the growth of Commercial Small and Medium Enterprises in Tanzania. A study was conducted in Dodoma Municipality using Akiba Commercial Bank (ACB) as a case study. The research applied a descriptive cross sectional design. From the sampling frame provided by ACB, a representative sample of 91 respondents was obtained randomly to represent the entire population. Data generated was both qualitative and quantitative. Primary data was collected using questionnaires while secondary was obtained from review of literature, reports and documents. Data analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 20. The findings of the study revealed that respondents gave priority on loan where, 59.4 percent of all respondents on their opinion ranked loan as important financial service for the growth of SMEs’ followed by savings 52.7 percent and training 44 percent. However it was further revealed that SMEs’ gave less priority on non-financial services. It can be concluded that financial and non-financial services are essential for the growth of SMEs’. Based on the findings it can be recommended that financial institutions have to work closely with SMEs’ in order to build their capacity in the essence of managing SMEs and emphasize the importance of non-financial services.
Impact of mobile banking on financial performance of commercial banks in Tanzania: A case of Corporative Rural Development Bank (CRDB)
(St John's University of Tanzania, 2016-07-28) Abdala, Tadei
Mobile banking has transformed the way banks in both developed and developing countries work. This type of banking offer a wide variety of services ranging from account information, which has to do with alerting the customers on the updates and transactions on their account through their mobile phones. Regardless of its potential benefit, however its impact to the performance of banks has not yet being evaluated in Tanzania. Therefore the objective of this study was to analyze the impact of mobile banking to the performance of the banks in Tanzania. Based on the purpose of the study and the type of data the research included the use of both quantitative and qualitative methods of data collection with the use of a descriptive study. Descriptive research was adopted because it involves gathering data that describes events and organize, tabulates, depicts and describes the data. It involves gathering data that describe events and then organizes, tabulates, depicts, and describes the data. The findings of the study showed that mobile banking had a positive impact on the performance of CRDB bank Tanzania. The study recommend that Banks should continue investing on mobile banking and other innovation delivery channels because they are able to control their costs much better as compared to investment in brick and mortar or physical branches.
Assessment of impact of bank service charges on performance of commercial banks in Tanzania: A case of five selected banks in Dar-es-salaam
(St John's University of Tanzania, 2016-07-28) Mlagha, W. Jaliwa
The general objective of the study was to assess the impacts of bank charges on performance of commercial banks in Tanzania. Specifically, the study aimed to understand the nature of noninterest bank charges, that is, how noninterest bank charges influence performance and financial risks associated with noninterest bank charges among commercial banks of Tanzania with references from five commercial banks in Dar-es-Salaam. The study used the case study cross – sectional research design and a sample size of 100 bank employees from five commercial banks obtained through simple random and purposive sampling methods. Also, data was collected through questionnaires and interview methods and thereafter presented, analyzed and discussed so as to address the research objectives. The study found that most commercial banks of Tanzania have both traditional and non-traditional noninterest bank charges. These include foreign exchange account charges, mobile banking charges, service charge on customer accounts, automatic teller machines transactions charges, internet banking charges, account maintenance fee, credit cards fee and cash management fees. The Pearson correlation analysis further indicated that some of the non – interest bank charges like foreign exchange account charges, mobile banking charges, service charge on customer accounts, automatic teller machines transactions charges and internet banking charges had a significant relationship with the increase in Return on Asset (ROA) and Return on Equity (ROE) of the selected commercial banks. Also, the study found noninterest bank charges have positive influence on the financial performance of Commercial banks in Tanzania. On the other hand, most risks identified were unsystematic risk (diversifiable), foreign-exchange risk, systematic risk (undiversifiable), credit or default risks and market risk (volatility). The study provides recommendations to Commercial banks to increase their noninterest bank charges services particularly those with low risks but used regularly by customers. For example, ATM and foreign exchange services. The study also recommends that, in order to increase volume of sales and performance, it is important that commercial banks maintain certain minimum bank charges so as to attract more customers to utilize their services. For instance, reducing costs related to opening and maintenance of customers’ accounts or reducing fees incurred by customers when checking accounts balance.
Assessment of factors hindering the adoption of electronic banking system in Tanzania: A case of NMB and CRDB Banks in Dodoma Municipality
(St John's University of Tanzania, 2016-11-28) Mujuberi, H. Nyanjiga
In recent years of banking industry, the adoption of Electronic banking started to occur broadly, as one of the ways to offer different financial products, due to that reason, there was an advancement in information technology (IT) and stiff competition in banking sector. Electronic banking offers useful products to both commercial banks and bank Customers. Despite these advantages of electronic banking services, there are limiting factors for the adoption process which caused customers to remain in the usage of traditional banking methods to perform most of their transactions. This study has aimed at accessing factors affecting the adoption of electronic banking in Tanzania, a case of CRDB and NMB of Dodoma Municipality. In so doing, three specific objectives and variables of the study were taken into account; the study, has utilized both primary data (through interviews and questioners) and secondary data through documentary review (through documents obtained from both CRDB and NMB). Analysis was done by the use of SPSS and the results were presented in tables. Study findings have revealed that there were hindering factors in the adoption of electronic banking services, these include the perceptions of risks, perception in transaction costs, privacy and security issues, laxity of financial institutions in promoting electronic banking and network access. The study finally recommends to the regulators or law makers for advancement of electronic banking services, education to customers about electronic banking should be provided regularly, the government also through TANESCO or any other bodies of electricity supply, should put an emphasis on supplying electricity in rural areas and the lastly the concerned bank (CRDB and NMB) should increase the number of electronic devices, especially automated teller machines.
Employees’ labor rights awareness and its impact on job performance: A case of TTCL in Dodoma Office
(St John's University of Tanzania, 2016-11-28) Wassira, Joseph
The purpose of the study was to evaluate the level of labor rights awareness among employees and how it impacts job performance a case of TTCL. The study involved 70 respondents, of which some were requested to fill in the questionnaires and others were interviewed. The sampling techniques used were random and purposive sampling and the data collected was analyzed using both qualitative and quantitative methods. The result from the study discovered that, most employees are aware of their labor rights but requires detailed knowledge on them. Nevertheless, the study discovered that, the awareness of labor rights facilitate employees to thrust for improved working conditions which leads to job performance. The researcher recommends that seminars and trainings should be held to offer employees knowledge on their labor rights so as to boost their awareness. Trade unions should play their role in enhancing employees’ wellbeing. The major recommendations of the study is that; Researchers are argued and recommended to go for seminars on the concept of labour rights awareness especially on the aspects of the solutions to the problem which the study has not covered. Lastly; The organizations have to work seriously on the three factors seems to be the possible causes of poor performance and find out the strategies to get rid of them. i.e poor working environment, lack of motivational policies and limited fair opportunities for training and career development. Also lack of objective and fair promotional opportunities, lack of sense of recognition to employees for good work have high degree of influence on poor performance hence there is a need to construct the strategies in order to minimize or eradicate the pitfalls on them hence retain skilled people in the organizations.
Impact of village community Banks (VICOBA) loans in improving smallholder Farmers’ income in Kiteto District in Tanzania
(St John's University of Tanzania, 2017-09-28) Dastan, Godfrey Mhando
The major objective of this study was to investigate the impact of VICOBA Loans in improving smallholder farmers’ income in Kiteto District, Manyara Region. Specifically the study intended to examine (i) community’s perception towards VICOBA loan services, (ii) The extent that VICOBA has contributed to the access of micro loans among smallholder households, (iii) Contribution of VICOBA in smallholders’ households’ income among VICOBA members, and (iv) Challenges facing smallholder farmers on access of micro loans from VICOBA. The study involved 100 smallholder farmers who had accessed VICOBA loans. It employed a cross sectional survey design with a mixed research approach. Data were collected from smallholder farmers using a questionnaire and from KIs using an interviews guide. Secondary data were solicited from document analysis. Data were coded, entered in SPSS version 21 for analysis, cleaned, and results were presented in tables, figures and graphs. The study revealed that smallholder farmers were also involved in different economic activities such as food crops, garments and restaurants. Moreover, cross tabulation of individual and characteristics against smallholder farmers’ perception toward VICOBA have show weak significant difference between individual characteristics and their perception. These differences lies on their age, experience in business, household size, business size, marital status, paid employment and education level. In addition to that, the study found that VICOBA were efficient in provision of loan services. Also the study show that, there was no enough knowledge from members of VICOBA on how to perform well in farming due to saving and access of soft loans which improves their production and increase their income. However, the study concludes that, although loan provided by VICOBA had no influence on smallholder farmers’ income, But it has improved their livelihood and helps them out of extreme poverty. The study recommended that the Government need to incorporate VICOBA development model into the National Poverty Reduction Strategy and also review cooperative and microfinance policies.
The contribution of Bonafide Microfinance Institutions in reducing income poverty among women in Chamwino District in Tanzania
(St John's University of Tanzania, 2017-09-28) Nathanael, Upendo
In Tanzania, about 50% of people are living in an abject poverty. Most of them are women. The aim of this study was to assess the impacts of bonafide MFIs in reducing income poverty among women of Chamwino district in Dodoma, Tanzania. The study was guided by four specific objectives, to examine women’s perception about bonafide MFI services for income generation activities; to examine the performance of bonafide MFIs in providing micro-loan services to women; to assess the MFIs influence on income growth of women; and to explore women’s accessibility to MFIs services in income generating activities. The study involved 100 women obtained randomly from a list of women who had accessed loans from MFIs in one year period. In this cross-sectional surveyed study women were given questionnaires and managers of five MFIs were interviewed using interview guide. Both quantitative and qualitative primary and secondary data were used in the study to answer the research questions. However, quantitative dominated and the qualitative information was used to explain the quantitative findings. Data were analysed by SPSS and the results were presented in econometric model, tables and figures. Most of surveyed women (47%) were between 26-35 years and possess primary (36%) and O-level education (34%). About 77% were married, 67% have experience of six to 20 years and 38% were in a paid employment. Moreover, the surveyed women were involved in crop selling (23%), food vending (28%) and bar and restaurants (22%). Also, majority (76%) of women were in SMEs. The cross tabulation of women characteristics and their perception toward MFIs reveal weak significant difference between women personal characteristics and their perception. Additionally, the findings indicate that the MFIs performance has no significant effect on women’s income at 1.0% level of significance. On the contrary, educational level of women, possession of assets and being in a paid employment were seen to have positive and significant effect on women’s income. From the findings of the study it can be concluded that, MFIs have contributed in reducing women poverty in other dimensions rather than income poverty. The study recommends the need for microfinance regulatory board to reduce interest rate charged by MFIs, reduce bureaucracy and accept less demanding collaterals so as to enhance women’s economic wellbeing. Also, there is a need for policy review, wide publicity and training of women on business and financial management skills.
Analysis of factors behind credit risk in Tanzanians SACCOS: A Case of Hazina SACCOS in Dar es salaam, Tanzania
(St John's University of Tanzania, 2017-09-28) Mwamsojo, Ndabiti Tunkete
This study focuses on the factors for credit risk at Hazina SACCOS, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. It basically attempts to address three specific objectives namely; factors for credit risk at Hazina SACCOS in Dar es Salaam, the effects of credit risk at Hazina SACCOS and measure for dealing with credit risk at Hazina SACCOS. This study employed a case study design to collect information from 86 respondents. The findings show that credit risk is contributed by existing difficult business environment, that reported to depend on the business in terms of type and environment. It has also been observed that credit risk at SACCOS resulted into reduced SACCOS outstanding cash, and the need for controlled lending policies and procedures, and ability of SACCOS members through the management to control credit issuance and collection. The factors for credit risk were presented. The credit risk was associated with reduced SACCOS outstanding cash and reduced members confidence to save and shortage of SACCOS capital. The credit risk, SACCOS is faced with problems associated with cash and liquidity. The ability of credit risk to influence investment of members at Hazina SACCOS the ability of credit risk to influence investment of SACCOS credit risk is an obstacle to SASCCOS investment and saving from its members. It has been strongly affirmed that credit risk is contributed by existing difficult business environment. The credit risk there should be well controlled lending procedures, and ability of SACCOS members through the management to control the credit. SACCOS management is required to improve procedures and strategies to control credit provision based on the lending procedures.

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